EFM-The Modulation Method for the Compact Disc Digital Audio System

Ogawa H, Immink KA. EFM-The Modulation Method for the Compact Disc Digital Audio System. In: AES Conference: 1st International Conference: Digital Audio. Audio Engineering Society; 1982. Paper Rye-013. Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=3409

@inproceedings{Ogawa1982_3409,
  author = {Ogawa, Hiroshi and Immink, Kees A.},
  title = {{EFM-The Modulation Method for the Compact Disc Digital Audio System}},
  booktitle = {AES Conference: 1st International Conference: Digital Audio},
  note = {Paper Rye-013},
  year = {1982},
  month = jun,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  url = {https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=3409}
}

TY  - CPAPER
TI  - EFM-The Modulation Method for the Compact Disc Digital Audio System
AU  - Ogawa, Hiroshi
AU  - Immink, Kees A.
T2  - AES Conference: 1st International Conference: Digital Audio
M1  - Paper Rye-013
PY  - 1982
DA  - 1982/06/06
UR  - https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=3409
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - The modulation method employed in the Compact Disc CD) digital audio system codeveloped by Philips N.V. (Eindhoven, The Netherlands) and Sony Corporation (Tokyo, Japan) is described. This method, called eight-to-fourteen (EFM), is an 8 (data bit) ( 14 (channel bit) conversion block code with a space of 3 channel bits for every converted 14 channel bits which is used to connect the blocks. These 3 channel bits, called merging bits, are selectable, enabling the suppression of the low-frequency contents of the frequency spectrum.: First some of the major conditions are listed which are required of the modulation method used for recording/reproducing digital audio signals on an optical disk. The various parameters of EFM as a modulation method are explained in the second part, proving the suitability of EFM for optical disks. An actual example explains the method in detail; a frequency spectrum is also given to enhance understanding.: EFM is well matched with the error-correction method CIRC employed in the CD. The combination of these two methods plays an important role in stably reproducing a 2-channel 16-bit audio signal on a 12-cm-diameter optical disk for more than playing time, single sided.
ER  -