A Generalized Optimization Method for Cascaded Bi-Quad Filter Design in Automotive Audio

Radzishevsky A, Goldin A. A Generalized Optimization Method for Cascaded Bi-Quad Filter Design in Automotive Audio. In: 2026 AES 6th International Automotive Audio Conference. Audio Engineering Society; 2026. Paper 14. Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=23407

@inproceedings{Radzishevsky2026_23407,
  author = {Radzishevsky, Alex and Goldin, Alexander},
  title = {{A Generalized Optimization Method for Cascaded Bi-Quad Filter Design in Automotive Audio}},
  booktitle = {2026 AES 6th International Automotive Audio Conference},
  note = {Paper 14},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  url = {https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=23407}
}

TY  - CPAPER
TI  - A Generalized Optimization Method for Cascaded Bi-Quad Filter Design in Automotive Audio
AU  - Radzishevsky, Alex
AU  - Goldin, Alexander
T2  - 2026 AES 6th International Automotive Audio Conference
M1  - Paper 14
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/29
UR  - https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=23407
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - Automotive audio systems require accurate equalization to compensate for vehicle acoustics, loudspeaker variations, and manufacturing tolerances. This paper presents an automatic parametric equalization method that determines both the filter parameters and the number of filters required to match a target frequency response within predefined tolerances. The method employs constrained non-linear optimization and is implemented using cascaded biquad filters suitable for embedded DSP platforms. An adaptive filter selection procedure minimizes implementation complexity while satisfying response accuracy requirements. An example demonstrates the ability of the proposed approach to achieve accurate equalization using a small number of filters. Although developed for automotive audio applications, the method may also be applicable to production calibration of consumer audio devices.
ER  -