Graphing, Interpretation, and Comparison of Results of Loudspeaker Nonlinear Distortion Measurements

Voishvillo A, Terekhov A, Czerwinski E, Alexandrov S. Graphing, Interpretation, and Comparison of Results of Loudspeaker Nonlinear Distortion Measurements. J Audio Eng Soc. 2004;52(4):332-357. Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=12996

@article{Voishvillo2004_12996,
  author = {Voishvillo, Alexander and Terekhov, Alexander and Czerwinski, Eugene and Alexandrov, Sergei},
  title = {{Graphing, Interpretation, and Comparison of Results of Loudspeaker Nonlinear Distortion Measurements}},
  journal = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society},
  volume = {52},
  number = {4},
  pages = {332--357},
  year = {2004},
  month = apr,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  url = {https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=12996}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Graphing, Interpretation, and Comparison of Results of Loudspeaker Nonlinear Distortion Measurements
AU  - Voishvillo, Alexander
AU  - Terekhov, Alexander
AU  - Czerwinski, Eugene
AU  - Alexandrov, Sergei
T2  - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
J2  - J. Audio Eng. Soc.
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
SP  - 332
EP  - 357
PY  - 2004
DA  - 2004/04/06
UR  - https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=12996
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - Harmonic distortion and total harmonic distortion may not convey sufficient information about nonlinearity in loudspeakers and horn drivers to judge their perceptual acceptability. Multitone stimuli and Gaussian noise produce a more informative nonlinear response. The reaction to Gaussian noise can be transformed into coherence or incoherence functions. These functions provide information about nonlinearity in the form of "easy-to-grasp" frequencydependent curves. Alternatively, a multitone stimulus generates a variety of "visible" harmonic and intermodulation spectral components. If the number of input tones is significant, the nonlinear reaction may consist of hundreds, if not thousands, of distortion spectral components. The results of such measurements are difficult to interpret, compare, and overlay. A new method of depicting the results of multitone measurements has been developed. The measurement result is a single, continuous, frequency-dependent curve that takes into account the level of the distortion products and their "density." The curves can be easily overlaid and compared. Future developments of this new method may lead to a correlation between curves of the level of distortion and the audibility of nonlinear distortion. Using nonlinear dynamic loudspeaker models, multitone and Gaussian noise test signals are compared with traditional and nontraditional measurement techniques. The relationship between harmonics and intermodulation products in static and dynamic nonlinear systems is analyzed.
ER  -