Signal Convolution of Recorded Free-Field Gunshot Sounds

Koenig BE, Hoffman SM, Nakasone H, Beck SD. Signal Convolution of Recorded Free-Field Gunshot Sounds. J Audio Eng Soc. 1998;46(7/8):634-653. Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=12136

@article{Koenig1998_12136,
  author = {Koenig, Bruce E. and Hoffman, Shawn M. and Nakasone, Hirotaka and Beck, Steven D.},
  title = {{Signal Convolution of Recorded Free-Field Gunshot Sounds}},
  journal = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society},
  volume = {46},
  number = {7/8},
  pages = {634--653},
  year = {1998},
  month = jul,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  url = {https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=12136}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Signal Convolution of Recorded Free-Field Gunshot Sounds
AU  - Koenig, Bruce E.
AU  - Hoffman, Shawn M.
AU  - Nakasone, Hirotaka
AU  - Beck, Steven D.
T2  - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
J2  - J. Audio Eng. Soc.
VL  - 46
IS  - 7/8
SP  - 634
EP  - 653
PY  - 1998
DA  - 1998/07/06
UR  - https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=12136
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - A field experiment was conducted using standard digital and analog recorders, telephone lines, a miniature radio-frequency transmitter-receiver system, and a video camcorder. Two pistols, two revolvers, and a shotgun were fired on an outdoor range three times each at distances of 3.05 m and 30.5 m, both toward the microphone-recorder test systems and from the side. The collected sound information was then evaluated using various methods. Excellent visual and statistical correlations were found only between the shots for the same weapon and recording device at each position. Almost all other combinations did not correlate closely with other recorded gunshot sounds. This research found specific microphones and tape recorders to respond uniquely to the high-level short duration transients of live gunshot sounds, based on position, firing direction, and the weapon and ammunition type. Good overall correlation was found between visual and statistical comparisons of the waveforms over approximately the first 10 ms. Recommendations for further research and applications to forensic examinations are set forth.
ER  -