The Use of Head-and-Torso Models for Improved Spatial Sound Synthesis

Duda RO, Algazi VR, Thompson DM. The Use of Head-and-Torso Models for Improved Spatial Sound Synthesis. In: AES Convention 113. Audio Engineering Society; 2002. Paper 5712. Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=11294

@inproceedings{Duda2002_11294,
  author = {Duda, Richard O. and Algazi, V. Ralph and Thompson, Dennis M.},
  title = {{The Use of Head-and-Torso Models for Improved Spatial Sound Synthesis}},
  booktitle = {AES Convention 113},
  note = {Paper 5712},
  year = {2002},
  month = oct,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  url = {https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=11294}
}

TY  - CPAPER
TI  - The Use of Head-and-Torso Models for Improved Spatial Sound Synthesis
AU  - Duda, Richard O.
AU  - Algazi, V. Ralph
AU  - Thompson, Dennis M.
T2  - AES Convention 113
M1  - Paper 5712
PY  - 2002
DA  - 2002/10/06
UR  - https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=11294
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - This paper concerns the use of a simple head-and-torso model to correct deficiencies in the low-frequency behavior of experimentally measured head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). This so-called "snowman" model consists of a spherical head located above a spherical torso. In addition to providing improved low-frequency response for music reproduction, the model provides the major low-frequency localization cues, including cues for low-elevation as well as high-elevation sources. The model HRTF and the measured HRTF can be easily combined by using the phase response of the model at all frequencies and by "cross-fading" between the dB magnitude responses of the model and the measurements. For efficient implementation, the exact snowman HRTF is approximated by two time delays and two first-order IIR filters. Because the poles are independent of the location of the virtual source, this supports a simple real-time implementation that allows for arbitrarily rapid head and source motion.
ER  -