Variability in the Headphone-to-Ear-Canal Transfer Function

McAnally KI, Martin RL. Variability in the Headphone-to-Ear-Canal Transfer Function. J Audio Eng Soc. 2002;50(4):263-266. Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=11082

@article{McAnally2002_11082,
  author = {McAnally, Ken I. and Martin, Russell L.},
  title = {{Variability in the Headphone-to-Ear-Canal Transfer Function}},
  journal = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society},
  volume = {50},
  number = {4},
  pages = {263--266},
  year = {2002},
  month = apr,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  url = {https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=11082}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Variability in the Headphone-to-Ear-Canal Transfer Function
AU  - McAnally, Ken I.
AU  - Martin, Russell L.
T2  - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
J2  - J. Audio Eng. Soc.
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
SP  - 263
EP  - 266
PY  - 2002
DA  - 2002/04/06
UR  - https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=11082
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - Headphone-to-ear-canal transfer functions (HpTFs) for 20 headphone placements were measured for each ear of three participants and an acoustic manikin. Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) were measured for nine sound-source locations within a 14.5~ radius of each of eight representative locations. Noises were convolved with these functions and passed through a cochlear filter model to estimate cochlear excitation. The variability of the magnitudes of the filtered HpTFs was much less than the variability of the magnitudes of the unfiltered HpTFs. It was also considerably less than the variability of the magnitudes of the filtered HRTFs. In addition, the variability of the group delays of the HpTFs for the three human participants was considerably less than the minimum discriminable interaural time difference. It follows that much of the information in HRTFs that could provide a cue to sound-source location will not be masked by the variability of HpTFs across headphone placements. The spatial fidelity of an individualized virtual audio display, therefore, will not necessarily be compromised by variability in HpTFs.
ER  -