A Century of Microphones

Bauer BB. A Century of Microphones. J Audio Eng Soc. 1987;35(4):246-258. Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=5212

@article{Bauer1987_5212,
  author = {Bauer, Benjamin B.},
  title = {{A Century of Microphones}},
  journal = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {246--258},
  year = {1987},
  month = apr,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  url = {https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=5212}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Century of Microphones
AU  - Bauer, Benjamin B.
T2  - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
J2  - J. Audio Eng. Soc.
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
SP  - 246
EP  - 258
PY  - 1987
DA  - 1987/04/06
UR  - https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=5212
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - Of the various manifestations of a sound wave, the action of pressure on a diaphragm still is the universal means for detecting the presence of sound. The diaphragm actuates a transducer converting its motions into equivalent electrical waves. Innumerable transducers have been tried, but five are preeminent: 1) carbon, 2) condenser, 3) piezoelectric, 4) moving conductor, 5) moving armature.: Important microphone improvements during the late twenties and thirties have come about as a result of the application of equivalent circuit analysis to acoustical structures. The principle of pressure microphones, pressure-gradient microphones, combination microphones, and phase-shift microphones are described. Each of these has found an important niche in modern microphone applications.: A small number of important applications require superdirectional microphones. Here three approaches are used: 1) reflectors, refractors, and diffractors, 2) line microphones, and 3) higher order combination microphones.: In the future, improvements in the design of directional microphones will continue. Wireless microphones are bound to increase in popularity. New methods of transduction based on solid-state technology appear to be imminent. Unconventional methods of sound pickup may find wide use in space communications.
ER  -