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Convention Paper

Detecting Bandwidth Variation Artifacts in Perceptual Audio Coding

Authors: Datta Roy, Dipanjan; Dick, Sascha; Niedermeier, Andreas; Adler, Bernd

Convention Paper · Paper 10298 · May 2026

Abstract

Accurate identification of audio coding artifacts is instrumental in encoder design, audio post-processing, and perceptual quality assessment. This paper addresses the detection of artifacts arising from changes in the effective bandwidth of coded audio signals caused by coarse spectral quantization. Such bandwidth variations give rise to two prominent artifact types: bandwidth limitation (BL) and birdies, also referred to as spectral islands (SI). Blind detection methods, requiring no reference signal, are presented for both artifact types. Bandwidth limitation is detected by analyzing variations in the zero crossing count across time domain subband signals, enabling estimation of both fixed and time varying cutoff frequencies. Spectral islands are identified through analysis of the spectrogram by detecting clusters of isolated components in the timefrequency domain, characterized by their temporal and spectral extents. The proposed methods are evaluated using audio material from the ODAQ and USAC verification datasets. Results show that the BL detection method achieves an average bandwidth estimation
error of approximately 160 Hz and demonstrates robustness to noisy bandwidth limited signals. In addition, the detected birdie artifacts are perceptually validated through listening tests, indicating an improvement in perceived quality following detection and subsequent suppression of the birdie artifacts.

Details

AES Convention
160
Paper number
10298
Publication date
May 28, 2026
Session subject
Audio Processing
Affiliation
Fraunhofer IIS (See document for exact affiliation information.)
Type
Convention Paper