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This paper presents an improved method for characterizing integrated microphone arrays for Device-Related Transfer Function (DRTF) synthesis. A probe-array extension of the IMPro technique is introduced to measure all device microphones simultaneously, eliminating unknown timing offsets that arise in asynchronous deviceprobe recordings. A custom four-element probe array and modular test jig were developed to evaluate relative inter-channel propagation delay (RIPD) accuracy across varied microphone-port geometries. Hybrid free-field DRTFs were synthesized by combining IMPro data with Boundary Element Method (BEM) acoustic scattering
simulations, demonstrating that the probe-array measurements capture small delay variations essential for precise spatial-audio modeling. The extended IMPro method offers a practical, scalable alternative to anechoic-chamber measurements for modern multi-microphone devices.
Author (s): Cozens, John;
Hämäläinen, Matti;
Pekkarinen, Mikko;
Pulakka, Hannu;
Affiliation:
Jcoustics; Nokia Technology Standards; Nokia Technology Standards; Nokia Technology Standards
(See document for exact affiliation information.)
AES Convention: 160
Paper Number:10291
Publication Date:
2026-05-28
Session subject:
Audio Applications and Technologies, Audio Equipment
DOI:
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Cozens, John; Hämäläinen, Matti; Pekkarinen, Mikko; Pulakka, Hannu; 2026; Accurate Characterization of Integrated Microphone Arrays for Device--Related Transfer Function Synthesis [PDF]; Jcoustics; Nokia Technology Standards; Nokia Technology Standards; Nokia Technology Standards; Paper 10291; Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=23227
Cozens, John; Hämäläinen, Matti; Pekkarinen, Mikko; Pulakka, Hannu; Accurate Characterization of Integrated Microphone Arrays for Device--Related Transfer Function Synthesis [PDF]; Jcoustics; Nokia Technology Standards; Nokia Technology Standards; Nokia Technology Standards; Paper 10291; 2026 Available: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=23227
@inproceedings{Cozens2026accurate,
title={{Accurate Characterization of Integrated Microphone Arrays for Device--Related Transfer Function Synthesis}},
author={Cozens, John and Hämäläinen, Matti and Pekkarinen, Mikko and Pulakka, Hannu},
year={2026},
month={may},
booktitle={Journal of the Audio Engineering Society},
publisher={},
number={10291},
organization={AES},
}
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