This research investigated the impact of three stereophonic panning techniques on spatial attribute perception and listener preference. The study hypothesized that utilizing a combination of Inter-Channel Time Difference (ICTD) and Inter-Channel Level Difference (ICLD) would provide a heightened sense of spatial perception. Thirty stimuli were prepared using either ICTD, ICLD, or combined ICTD with ICLD (HYBD). Subjects listened to counterbalanced paired stimuli then evaluated so-called externalization, envelopment, width, and depth and indicated an overall preference. Results under headphone condition revealed depth ratings were significantly higher for HYBD stimuli. Ratings for all other attributes were similar across all techniques. Preference under headphones was inconclusive. In contrast, results with loudspeakers indicated a strong preference for the HYBD and a preference against ICLD. Response time and confidence level appeared to have an impact on preference. Findings underscore the potential advantage of combining ICLD and ICTD in stereophonic panning.
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