The loudness measurement method as specified in Recommendation ITU-R BS.1770 is widely used to align perceived loudness among contents. However, it is not covered with Next-Generation Audio (NGA) contents. It is considered appropriate to measure the loudness of NGA contents using the signals obtained after rendering processes. This measurement may lead to a conclusion of a different objective loudness depending on rendering conditions. To evaluate the loudness measurement method considered for NGA contents, objective and subjective tests were conducted. In these tests, several rendering conditions, including loudspeaker configurations (stereo, 5.1, 7.1, 5.1.4, 7.1.4, and 22.2) and rendering algorithms (MPEG-H 3D Audio Renderer, Dolby ATMOS Renderer with and without trim functions, and ITU-R ADM Renderer with polar and Cartesian coordinate systems), were compared. The results show that the loudspeaker configuration is more significantly affected than the rendering algorithm in terms of objective loudness and that differences between the objective and subjective loudness of NGA contents are comparable to those of channel-based audio contents.
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