Design and Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Sound Using Granular Synthesis

Lazaro MJ, Kim S, Choi M, Kim K, Park D, Moon S, Yun MH. Design and Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Sound Using Granular Synthesis. J Audio Eng Soc. 2022;70(4):294-304. doi:10.17743/jaes.2021.0062

@article{Lazaro2022_21566,
  author = {Lazaro, May Jorella and Kim, Sungho and Choi, Minsik and Kim, Kichang and Park, Dongchul and Moon, Soyoun and Yun, Myung Hwan},
  title = {{Design and Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Sound Using Granular Synthesis}},
  journal = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society},
  volume = {70},
  number = {4},
  pages = {294--304},
  year = {2022},
  month = apr,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  doi = {10.17743/jaes.2021.0062},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0062}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Design and Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Sound Using Granular Synthesis
AU  - Lazaro, May Jorella
AU  - Kim, Sungho
AU  - Choi, Minsik
AU  - Kim, Kichang
AU  - Park, Dongchul
AU  - Moon, Soyoun
AU  - Yun, Myung Hwan
T2  - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
J2  - J. Audio Eng. Soc.
VL  - 70
IS  - 4
SP  - 294
EP  - 304
PY  - 2022
DA  - 2022/04/06
DO  - 10.17743/jaes.2021.0062
UR  - https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0062
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - Electric vehicles (EVs) generally do not have the natural engine sound; thus, sound design for such vehicles is more crucial. This study focuses on proposing an EV interior sound design through utilizing the granular synthesis method. Moreover, it aims to investigate the effect of each granular synthesis parameter on the drivers' affective experience. In the model proposed, four granular synthesis parameters (sample source, grain duration, grain envelope, and revolution per minute [RPM] range) with three levels each were selected for synthesis. By combining different values of each sound parameter in an orthogonal array, 27 EV sound samples were generated. A jury test was conducted with 32 participants (20 male, 12 female), which evaluated each sound sample based on three EV-related affective adjectives ("refined," "sporty," and "futuristic") and ratings of overall satisfaction. The results showed that each granular synthesis parameter has a different impact on the perception of EV-related affect and satisfaction. Moreover, it also found that combining different values of each parameter may result in inducing a specific emotion or experience. The EV sound design methodology proposed in this study can contribute to the development of future EV sound to increase its effectiveness in improving the drivers' auditory experience.
ER  -