"Common loudspeaker cones have axisymmetric geometry and are made of isotropic cone materials, such as paper. This leads to dominant radial cone breakup modes with ring-shaped vibration patterns that create peaks and dips in the frequency response. By adding local masses on the cone in a circle segment configuration, the isotropy is broken due to non-axisymmetric inertial forces. Consequently, the patterns of the breakup modes are changed from ring shaped zones into irregular areas with in-phase and out-of-phase contributions to the sound pressure that cancel each other partially. This leads to a smoothing of the SPL response."
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