The effects of headphone response and equalization are examined with respect to the influence on perceived sound quality. Free field, diffuse field, and hybrid real sound field targets are shown and objective response data for a number of commercially available headphones are studied and compared. Irregular responses are examined to determine the source of response anomalies, whether these can successfully be equalized and what the limitations are. The goal is to develop a robust process for evaluating and appropriately equalizing headphone responses to a psychoacoustically valid target and to understand the constraints.
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