Many studies have been made for a long time on modeling the sound localization in the 2-channel stereo reproduction. However, only few attempts have so far been made at modeling the localization in the three-dimensional (3D) multichannel audio. In this paper, we propose a general model of sound localization in multiple loudspeaker reproduction on the assumption that the apparent direction of a source is that of the normal to the wave surface. It was shown that the existing amplitude panning methods try to localize the sound in the same direction as the apparent direction calculated by the new model.
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