Noise in Triodes with Particular Reference to Phono Preamplifiers

Blencowe M. Noise in Triodes with Particular Reference to Phono Preamplifiers. J Audio Eng Soc. 2013;61(11):911-916. Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=17071

@article{Blencowe2013_17071,
  author = {Blencowe, Merlin},
  title = {{Noise in Triodes with Particular Reference to Phono Preamplifiers}},
  journal = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society},
  volume = {61},
  number = {11},
  pages = {911--916},
  year = {2013},
  month = nov,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  url = {https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=17071}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Noise in Triodes with Particular Reference to Phono Preamplifiers
AU  - Blencowe, Merlin
T2  - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
J2  - J. Audio Eng. Soc.
VL  - 61
IS  - 11
SP  - 911
EP  - 916
PY  - 2013
DA  - 2013/11/06
UR  - https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=17071
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - Several types of triodes tubes that are popular in audio preamplifiers were tested under typical operating conditions to determine the relationships between noise and operating conditions. In most cases the total noise in the audio band was dominated by the flicker effect. Most triodes exhibit an optimum anode current at which the equivalent input-noise voltage reaches a minimum, and this current value is relatively consistent between samples of the same type. In general, high-gm triode types are likely to exhibit superior noise figures compared to low-gm types for a given mean anode current. Reduced heater voltage tends to reduce equivalent input noise at small anode currents, but tends to increase it at higher anode currents. A general formula for estimating the equivalent input-noise voltage for any conventional small-signal audio triode, at rated heater voltage, is presented.
ER  -