Modulation Distortion in Loudspeakers: Part 2

Klipsch PW. Modulation Distortion in Loudspeakers: Part 2. J Audio Eng Soc. 1970;18(1):29-33. Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=1529

@article{Klipsch1970_1529,
  author = {Klipsch, Paul W.},
  title = {{Modulation Distortion in Loudspeakers: Part 2}},
  journal = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--33},
  year = {1970},
  month = feb,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  url = {https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=1529}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Modulation Distortion in Loudspeakers: Part 2
AU  - Klipsch, Paul W.
T2  - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
J2  - J. Audio Eng. Soc.
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 29
EP  - 33
PY  - 1970
DA  - 1970/02/06
UR  - https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=1529
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - Modulation distortion in loudspeakers consists of amplitude modulation distortion (AMD) and frequency modulation distortion (FMD); the effective sum of these is the total modulation distortion (TMD). It appears that the first-order side frequencies are due mainly to frequency modulation and the second-order sideband frequencies are due to amplitude modulation. Small direct-radiator loudspeakers typically display large AMD and relatively less FMD, while horn loudspeakers display small FMD and negligible AMD.
ER  -