Convention Paper
Virtual Sources and Moving Targets
AES Convention 124 · Paper 7327 · May 2008
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the effects of listener mobility on the stability of virtual
source images created by a pair of speakers. A spherical head is used to generate analytic head
related transfer functions from which we create a simple perceptual localisation model for the
forward half of the horizontal plane. This model is then used to investigate changes in perceived
source localisation as the listener moves. The analysis demonstrates that even with this simple
model, and the assumption of small listener movements, the source image becomes unstable at a
relatively low frequency. Given that for such low frequencies the spherical head model is a
reasonable approximation of measured HRTFs, this work suggests that individualised HRTF and
pinnae functions are of little benefit when designing a virtualizer system that allows for
some listener mobility.
