Directivity of Artificial and Human Speech

Halkosaari T, Vaalgamaa M, Karjalainen M. Directivity of Artificial and Human Speech. J Audio Eng Soc. 2005;53(7/8):620-631. Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=13430

@article{Halkosaari2005_13430,
  author = {Halkosaari, Teemu and Vaalgamaa, Markus and Karjalainen, Matti},
  title = {{Directivity of Artificial and Human Speech}},
  journal = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society},
  volume = {53},
  number = {7/8},
  pages = {620--631},
  year = {2005},
  month = jul,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  url = {https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=13430}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Directivity of Artificial and Human Speech
AU  - Halkosaari, Teemu
AU  - Vaalgamaa, Markus
AU  - Karjalainen, Matti
T2  - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
J2  - J. Audio Eng. Soc.
VL  - 53
IS  - 7/8
SP  - 620
EP  - 631
PY  - 2005
DA  - 2005/07/06
UR  - https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=13430
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - [Engineering Report] A study of how the directivity characteristics of artificial mouths correspond to the directivity of a real speaker is presented. The primary motivation for the research was the measurement methods applied in the telecommunications industry for the microphones used in telephones and their accessories. The responses of three artificial mouth simulators were measured in several positions. The same measurements were repeated for a group of test subjects. The measurement positions corresponded to the same positions where the microphones of telephones and their accessories, so-called headsets, would be situated. The basic mechanisms that produce the directivity patterns are discussed, and the contribution of the speech content is shown. The main contributor to the directivity is the aperture size of the mouth. The acoustical characteristics of the upper body are also a significant factor if the microphone position is not directly in front of the mouth. A greater than 10-dB difference with wide-band speech was found between artificial mouths and test subjects. It appears that the directivities of the artificial mouths are too narrow at high frequencies. To improve the correspondence of telephonometry and real speakers, a simple equalization procedure and two structural improvements are proposed.
ER  -