Calibration of Microphones, Vibration Pickups, and Earphones

Cook RK, Edelman S, Koidan W. Calibration of Microphones, Vibration Pickups, and Earphones. J Audio Eng Soc. 1965;13(4):290-296. Available from: https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=1194

@article{Cook1965_1194,
  author = {Cook, Richard K. and Edelman, Seymour and Koidan, Walter},
  title = {{Calibration of Microphones, Vibration Pickups, and Earphones}},
  journal = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {290--296},
  year = {1965},
  month = oct,
  publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
  url = {https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=1194}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Calibration of Microphones, Vibration Pickups, and Earphones
AU  - Cook, Richard K.
AU  - Edelman, Seymour
AU  - Koidan, Walter
T2  - Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
J2  - J. Audio Eng. Soc.
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
SP  - 290
EP  - 296
PY  - 1965
DA  - 1965/10/06
UR  - https://aes.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=1194
PB  - Audio Engineering Society
LA  - en
AB  - Microphones, earphones, vibrators, and vibration pickups are needed for precise measurements on sound waves and vibrations in the audio-frequency range. Condenser microphones are calibrated with a reciprocity technique; the response to sound pressure is obtained over the range 10 Hz to 20 kHz by means of 20 cm/3 and 3 cm/3 couplers, and the response of a condenser microphone-preamplifier combination in a plane wave of sound is measured up to 20 kHz. The reciprocity technique is also used to calibrate vibration pickups in the range 10 Hz to 2 kHz. At higher frequencies up to 10 kHz, an optical interferometer is used for calibration of vibration pickups. An essential element of the instrumentation is a modulated photometer. Earphones used for measurement of hearing are calibrated on the NBS type 9-A couples, in which the sound pressure is measured between 100 Hz and 10 kHz with a reference standard condenser microphone. Vibrators for measurement of hearing by bone conduction are calibrated with artificial head-bones, the latter incorporating calibrated vibration pickups.
ER  -